Dementia is an umbrella term for a range of progressive conditions that affect the brain. There are over 200 subtypes of dementia, but the five most common are: Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal dementia and mixed dementia.
Dementia is a syndrome (a group of related symptoms) associated with an ongoing decline of brain functioning. This may include problems with:
memory loss
thinking speed
mental sharpness and quickness
language
understanding
judgement
mood
movement
difficulties carrying out daily activities
There are many different causes of dementia. People often get confused about the difference between Alzheimer's disease and dementia.
Alzheimer's disease is a type of dementia and, together with vascular dementia, makes up the vast majority of cases.
People with dementia can become apathetic or uninterested in their usual activities, or may have problems controlling their emotions.
They may also find social situations challenging and lose interest in socialising. Aspects of their personality may change.
A person with dementia may lose empathy (understanding and compassion), they may see or hear things that other people do not (hallucinations).
Because people with dementia may lose the ability to remember events or fully understand their environment or situations, it can seem as if they're not telling the truth, or are wilfully ignoring problems.
As dementia affects a person's mental abilities, they may find planning and organising difficult. Maintaining their independence may also become a problem.
A person with dementia will therefore usually need help from friends or relatives, including help with decision making.
Read more about the symptoms of dementia.
Why is it important to get a diagnosis?
Although there is no cure for dementia at present, if it's diagnosed in the early stages, there are ways you can slow it down and maintain mental function.
A diagnosis can help people with dementia get the right treatment and support, and help those close to them to prepare and plan for the future.
With treatment and support, many people are able to lead active, fulfilled lives.
The symptoms of dementia tend to worsen with time. In the much later stages of dementia, people will be able to do far less for themselves and may lose much of their ability to communicate.
Read more about how dementia is diagnosed, or find out more about:
How common is dementia?
According to the Alzheimer's Society there are around 850,000 people in the UK with dementia. One in 14 people over 65 will develop dementia, and the condition affects 1 in 6 people over 80.
The number of people with dementia is increasing because people are living longer. It is estimated that by 2025, the number of people with dementia in the UK will have increased to around 1 million.
A Walk Through Dementia - walking home
A Walk Through Dementia is a unique app designed to put you in the shoes of someone living with dementia. See one of the 360 clips from the experience.
Dementia: A month in the life (FULL documentary) - BBC News
Wendy, Keith and Christopher are three of more than 500,000 people with dementia in the UK living at home. For the BBC's Victoria Derbyshire programme, they filmed parts of their lives over a month.
Dance Therapy For Dementia
We learn about how dance therapy can make a big impact for those living with dementia and Alzheimer's Disease from Erica Hornthal of Chicago Dance Therapy. Plus, a local man shares how the program has made a difference for his wife. Living Healthy Chicago is a health and wellness program that airs Saturday mornings at 9am on WGN. We aim to educate and inspire our viewers to live healthier lives.